止观

奢摩他毗婆舍那 (or 奢摩他毗鉢舍那) (sa) śamatha-vipaśyanā, which Sanskrit words are intp. by 止觀; 定慧; 寂照; and 明靜; for their respective meanings see 止 and 觀. When the physical organism is at rest it is called 止 (zh) zhi, when the mind is seeing clearly it is called 觀 (zh) guan. The term and form of meditation is specially connected with its chief exponent, the founder of the Tiantai school, which school is styled 止觀宗 Zhiguan Zong, its chief object being concentration of the mind by special methods for the purpose of clear insight into truth, and to be rid of illusion. The Tiantai work gives ten fields of mediation, or concentration:

(1) the 五陰, 十八界, and 十二入;

(2) passion and delusion;

(3) sickness;

(4) karma forms;

(5) māra-deeds;

(6) (sa) dhyāna;

(7) (wrong) theories;

(8) arrogance;

(9) the two Vehicles;

(10) bodhisattvahood.